Integers

The default integer type in Singular.jl is the Singular n_Z integer type.

The associated ring of integers is represented by the constant parent object which can be constructed by a call to Singular.Integers().

For convenience we define

ZZ = Singular.Integers()

so that integers can be constructed using ZZ. Note that this is the name of a specific parent object, not the name of its type.

The types of the integer ring parent objects and elements of the associated rings of integers are given in the following table according to the library providing them.

Library	Element type	Parent type
Singular	`n_Z`	`Singular.Integers`

All integer element types belong directly to the abstract type RingElem and all the integer ring parent object types belong to the abstract type Ring.

Integer functionality

Singular.jl provides all the ring and possibly some parts of the Euclidean ring functionality of AbstractAlgebra.jl.

https://nemocas.github.io/AbstractAlgebra.jl/latest/ring

https://nemocas.github.io/AbstractAlgebra.jl/latest/euclidean_interface

Below, we describe the functionality that is specific to the Singular integer ring.

Constructors

ZZ(n::Integer)

Coerce a Julia integer value into the integer ring.

Basic manipulation

Base.denominator — Method

denominator(n::n_Z)

Return the denominator of $n$ (which will always be $1$).

source

Base.numerator — Method

numerator(n::n_Z)

Return the numerator of $n$ (which is $n$ itself).

source

Examples

julia> a = ZZ(-12)
-12

julia> is_unit(a)
false

julia> n = numerator(a)
-12

julia> d = denominator(a)
1

julia> c = abs(a)
12

Singular.jl provides a number of Euclidean division operations. Recall that for a dividend $a$ and divisor $b$, we can write $a = bq + r$ with $0 \leq |r| < |b|$. We call $q$ the quotient and $r$ the remainder.

In the following table we list the division functions and their rounding behaviour. We also give the return value of the function, with $q$ representing return of the quotient and $r$ representing return of the remainder.

Function	Return	Rounding
`divrem(a::n_Z, b::n_Z)`	q, r	towards zero
`rem(a::n_Z, b::n_Z)`	r	towards zero
`mod(a::n_Z, b::n_Z)`	r	down

Examples

julia> a = ZZ(-12)
-12

julia> b = ZZ(5)
5

julia> q, r = divrem(a, b)
(-2, -2)

julia> r = mod(a, b)
3

julia> c = a % b
-2

Comparison

Here is a list of the comparison functions implemented, with the understanding that isless provides all the usual comparison operators.

Function
`isless(a::n_Z, b::n_Z)`

We also provide the following ad hoc comparisons which again provide all of the comparison operators mentioned above.

Function
`isless(a::n_Z, b::Integer)`
`isless(a::Integer, b::n_Z)`

Examples

julia> a = ZZ(12)
12

julia> b = ZZ(3)
3

julia> a < b
false

julia> a != b
true

julia> a > 4
true

julia> 5 <= b
false